Issues with Asthma

If you or someone in your home has asthma, everyday things in the home can make breathing better or worse. The good news is that you do not have to change everything at once. Even small steps can help reduce asthma flare-ups.

This page provides general information and does not replace medical advice. Always follow your doctor’s or provider’s asthma action plan.

Common triggers in the home

Asthma symptoms can be triggered by:

Dust and dust mites.
Mold and damp areas.
Pet hair and dander.
Tobacco smoke and vaping aerosol.
Strong smells from cleaners, sprays, candles, or perfumes.
Pests such as cockroaches and mice, along with their droppings.
Outdoor air pollution that enters the home.

Notice when symptoms get worse, such as at bedtime, while cleaning, or when around pets. That can help you identify your main triggers.

Dust and dust mites

Dust mites are tiny bugs that live in soft surfaces like beds, couches, and carpets. Many people with asthma are sensitive to them.

Wash bedding once a week.
Use warm or hot water if the fabric allows.
Use zippered, allergen-proof covers on pillows and mattresses.
Reduce clutter so surfaces are easier to clean.
Keep stuffed animals off the bed when possible, or wash them regularly.
Dust with a damp cloth.
Vacuum carpets and rugs regularly; a HEPA vacuum is best if available.

If cleaning makes breathing worse, ask someone else to help or wear a mask and leave the room afterward.

Mold and moisture

Mold grows in damp places such as bathrooms, basements, and around windows or leaks. Breathing in mold can trigger asthma symptoms.

Fix leaks and report water problems to your landlord or building manager.
Wipe water off windows and sills.
Run the bathroom fan or open a window during and after showers.
Use the kitchen fan while cooking.
Dry wet floors, rugs, or walls within 1 to 2 days if possible.
Do not store cardboard or paper directly on a damp basement floor.
For small mold spots on hard surfaces, clean with soap and water or a household cleaner.
Wear gloves and open windows if possible.

If mold covers more than 10 square feet, professional cleanup may be needed. Tenants should contact their landlord in writing.

Pets

Pet allergens can trigger asthma, even when pets are clean and well cared for.

Keep pets out of the bedroom.
Keep pets off the bed.
Vacuum carpets, rugs, and furniture regularly.
Wash your hands after petting or playing with animals.

If you are considering a new pet and someone in the home has asthma, talk with a healthcare provider first.

Smoke and strong smells

Smoke and strong odors can quickly trigger asthma symptoms.

Keep your home smoke-free.
Do not smoke or vape inside homes, cars, garages, or near open doors or windows.
Limit candles and incense if they make breathing difficult.
Choose fragrance-free or low-scent cleaners and laundry products.
Use air fresheners and sprays sparingly.

Cleaning products and chemicals

Some cleaners and sprays can irritate the lungs.

Choose fragrance-free or sensitive-skin products when possible.
Never mix cleaners, especially bleach and ammonia.
Open windows or use fans while cleaning when you can.
If strong cleaners bother your breathing, ask someone without asthma to use them.